An example of an herbal remedy that was. originally from 6. Examples of plants used in modern herbal. remedies without a clear ancient cultural origin …
Herbal Remedies in the US
The herbal and pharmaceutical industries in the United States share a common heritage
Herbal Remedies
Most pharmaceutical manufacturers of today were originally herbal extract producers Many modern herbal manufacturers are becoming pharmaceutical manufacturers
Herbal Remedies in the US
Traditional herbal medicine in the United States has not been lost, but has been transformed into many of our modern pharmaceuticals Fragments of traditional European/ American herbalism have not been incorporated into pharmaceutical products because of a variety of issues often centering upon the complexity of the pharmacological actions of the plants involved
Herbal Industry in the USA
Beginnings Growth Current Status Marketing Approaches
Common Plants Used in USA
For the plants note: Range of plant families Range of plant parts used Range of cultural origins General types of uses Level of knowledge of the active constituents
Aloe Aloe vera related
spp
Plant family: Asphodelaceae Part used: Leaf pulp Origin culture: Sub-Saharan African and Coptic traditional medicine Common uses: Treatment of burns, skin blemishes, topical irritations Antibacterial Digestive aid Active constituents: Anthroquinones, anthrols, anthrones, chrysophanic acid
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Aloe Aloe vera related spp
Bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus
Plant family: Ericaceae Part used: Fruits Origin culture: British traditional medicine Common uses: Poor night vision and poor adaptability to bright lights; Prevention and treatment of diabetic retinopathy Antioxidant, formation of collagen in connective tissue, strengthen capillaries and blood flow; Prevention of bruising, varicose veins and hemorrhoids Active constituents: Quinic acid and Anthocyanosides a complex of bioflavonoids
Bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus
Chamomile Matricaria recutita
Chamomile Matricaria recutita Plant family: Asteraceae Part used: Flowers Origin culture: German traditional medicine Common uses: Externally
applied for eczema and other inflammatory processes Gargled as a treatment for mouth sores/canker sores Taken internally for colic/restlessness in infants, ulcers, and irritable bowel syndrome Active constituents: Matricin, favonoids, and volatile oils such as alpha-bisabolol
Chamomile Matricaria recutita
Cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon
Plant family: Ericaceae Part used: Fruits Origin culture: Eastern North American Native American traditional medicine Common uses: Urinary tract infections Active constituents: ?
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Cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon
Echinacea Echinacea purpurea
Plant family: Asteraceae Part used: Entire plant Also used: E angustifolia, E pallida Origin culture: Central North American Native American traditional medicine Common uses: Prevention and treatment of viral, bacterial, and fungal infections General immune stimulation Active constituents: Chicoric acid, heteroxylans, and arabinogalactans
Echinacea Echinacea purpurea related spp
Evening Primrose Oenothera
biennis
Plant family: Onagraceae Part used: Seed oil Origin culture: None? Common uses: Premenstrual syndrome and breast pain Eczema Rheumatoid arthritis Diabetic neuropathy Active constituents: Gamma-linolenic acid incorporated into prostaglandins and triglycerides
Evening Primrose Oenothera biennis related spp
Feverfew Tanacetum parthenium
Plant family: Asteraceae Part used: Leaves Origin culture: Mediterranean traditional medicine Common uses: Migraine headaches, fevers Active constituents: Parthenolide A sesquiterpene lactone
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Feverfew Tanacetum parthenium related spp?
Garlic Allium sativum
Plant family: Alliaceae Part used: Leaves stem together called the bulb Origin culture: Chinese, Coptic, Farsi, Mediterranean, and Semitic traditional medicine Common uses: Immunostimulation and augmented circulation Triglyceride and cholesterol level reduction Hypertension control Active constituents: Allicin, and allyl sulfides
Garlic Allium sativum related spp
Ginger Zingiber
officinale
Plant family: Zingiberaceae Part used: Rhizome Origin culture: Chinese and Indian traditional medicine Common uses: Digestive aid, carminative Nausea/vomiting remedy Anti-inflammatory Active constituents: Gingerols/shogoals volatile oils
Ginger Zingiber officinale related spp
Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba
Plant family: Ginkgoaceae Part used: Leaves Origin culture: Chinese traditional medicine Common uses: Improved memory, Alzheimers disease Parkinsons disease, improved circulation, post stroke recovery Active constituents: Ginkgolides/bilobalide and favonoids
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Ginkgo Ginkgo biloba
Ginseng Asian Panax ginseng
Plant family: Araliaceae Part used: Roots/rhizomes Origin culture: Chinese, Korean, and Siberian traditional medicine Common uses: Taken internally for fatigue/endurance/stress General immune system stimulation Active constituents: Ginsenosides
Ginseng Asian Panax ginseng related spp
Goldenseal Hydrastis canadensis
Plant family: Ranunculaceae Part used: Rhizome Origin
culture: North American Native American traditional medicine Common uses: Viral, bacterial, fungal infections, anti-diarrheal, immunostimulation Astringent Hypertension Anti-tussive Detoxification Active constituents: Berberine, berberine sulfate, hydrastine
Goldenseal Hydrastis canadensis
Milk Thistle Silybum marianum
Plant family: Asteraceae Part used: Seeds Origin culture: Mediterranean traditional medicine Common uses: Hepatitis, liver diseases Active constituents: Silymarin, silibinin, flavonoids
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Milk Thistle Silybum marianum
Saw Palmetto Serenoa repens
Plant family: Arecaceae Part used: Fruits Origin culture: Eastern North American Native American traditional food Common uses: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic non-infected prostatitis Active constituents: A complex of fatty acids
Saw Palmetto Serenoa repens
Siberian Ginseng Eleutherococcus senticosus
Plant family: Araliaceae Part used: Root Origin culture: Chinese traditional medicine Common uses: Taken internally
for fatigue/endurance/stress General immune system stimulation Active constituents: Sencosides, eleutherosides glycosides
Siberian Ginseng Eleutherococcus senticosus
St Johns Wort Hypericum perforatum
Plant family: Clusiaceae Part used: Flowers upper stems/leaves Origin culture: Greek traditional medicine Common uses: Antidepressant Antiviral Active constituents: Hypericin ? monoamine oxidase inhibitors
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StJohns Wort Hypericum perforatum related spp
Valerian Valeriana officinalis
Plant family: Valerianaceae Part used: Roots Origin culture: Mediterranean/European traditional medicine Common uses: Sedation and anti-anxiety Active constituents: Actinidine, valerenic acid
Valerian Valeriana officinalis related spp
Vitex Vitex agnus-castus
Plant family: Verbenaceae Part used: Fruit Origin culture: Mediterranean traditional medicine Common uses: Premenstrual syndrome, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menopause, infertility Active constituents: Iridoid glycosides?, casticin?
Vitex
Vitex agnus-castus
Major Mistakes in the USA
Example
Chaparral Larrea divaricata Family: Zygophyllaceae Part used: Leaves stems Origin culture: Topical usage from Native American traditional medicine Common uses: None This was used orally for a short period of time for a variety of cancers Active constituents: ?
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Major Mistakes
Governmental Control over Herbal Products
Past Present Future
Up and coming herbs
Sources
China India Amazonia Polynesia
Up and coming herbs
Examples
Suma Pfaffia paniculata Amaranthaceae Una de gato Uncaria tomentosa Rubiaceae
1 Traditional herbal medicine in the USA has been transformed into: 2 Some traditional herbal products have not become pharmaceuticals because: 3 An example of a plant used to treat poor vision is: 4 An example of an herbal remedy that was originally from North America is: 5 An example of a plant from a European traditional medicinal system is: 6 Examples of plants used in modern herbal remedies without a clear
ancient cultural origin include: 7 New herbal products are being developed from: 8 How many US pharmaceuticals have been made from traditional remedies in the last 30 years?
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Source:diahome.org
